Review reviewHigh

CVE-2026-35391

bulwarkmail webmail

Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the getClientIP() function in lib/admin/session.ts trusted the first (leftmost) entry of the X-Forwarded-For header, which is fully controlled by the client. An attacker could forge their source IP address to bypass IP-based rate limiting (enabling brute-force attacks against the admin login) or forge audit log entries (making malicious activity appear to originate from arbitrary IP addresses). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.

CVSS: 8.7
EPSS: 0.14%
CISA KEV: Not listed
Published: 2026.04.07

PRIORITY ASSESSMENT

Review review

The CVSS severity warrants an early asset and exposure review.

Known exploitationNot established by KEV

Exploit probability0.14%

Technical severityCVSS 8.7

Vulnerability overview

Affected product and versions

Product: bulwarkmail webmail
Affected versions: >= < 1.4.11, < 1.4.11
Fixed versions: 1.4.11

Recommended response sequence

Confirm exposure before applying a vendor-supported change.

Full remediation guide

1
Identify
Confirm that bulwarkmail webmail and an affected version are present.
2
Prioritize
Combine exploitation signals with asset exposure and business criticality.
3
Remediate
Follow the vendor advisory or supported update path and preserve rollback options.
4
Verify
Recheck the version, service health, access paths, and relevant logs.

Technical data

CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
CWE: CWE-348