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CVE-2026-54234

vllm-project vllm

vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, a frontend-legal multi-request speculative decoding workload can cause the rejection sampler to produce a recovered token equal to the model vocabulary size boundary value, which is then converted to negative one when the engine selects the next live token for a request and is written back into the drafter's input ids; that out-of-vocabulary value is later consumed by the model's embedding and attention path and crashes the engine worker with a GPU device-side assertion. The same triggerin...

CVSS
7.5
EPSS
0.36%
28.9% percentile
CISA KEV
Not listed
Published
2026.07.07
PRIORITY ASSESSMENT

Review review

The CVSS severity warrants an early asset and exposure review.

Known exploitationNot established by KEV
Exploit probability0.36%
Technical severityCVSS 7.5

Vulnerability overview

vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, a frontend-legal multi-request speculative decoding workload can cause the rejection sampler to produce a recovered token equal to the model vocabulary size boundary value, which is then converted to negative one when the engine selects the next live token for a request and is written back into the drafter's input ids; that out-of-vocabulary value is later consumed by the model's embedding and attention path and crashes the engine worker with a GPU device-side assertion. The same triggerin...

Affected product and versions

Product
vllm-project vllm
Affected versions
< 0.24.0
Fixed versions
0.24.0

Recommended response sequence

Confirm exposure before applying a vendor-supported change.

Full remediation guide
  1. 1
    Identify

    Confirm that vllm-project vllm and an affected version are present.

  2. 2
    Prioritize

    Combine exploitation signals with asset exposure and business criticality.

  3. 3
    Remediate

    Follow the vendor advisory or supported update path and preserve rollback options.

  4. 4
    Verify

    Recheck the version, service health, access paths, and relevant logs.

Technical data

CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
CWE-1284, CWE-20